sredobЗдоровье населения и среда обитания – ЗНиСОPublic Health and Life Environment – PH&LE2219-52382619-0788ФБУЗ ФЦГиЭ Роспотребнадзора10.35627/2219-5238/2024-32-10-45-51sredob-2238Research ArticleГИГИЕНА ТРУДАOCCUPATIONAL HEALTHМеханизмы репротоксического действия свинца (обзор литературы)Mechanisms of the reprotoxic effect of lead: A literature reviewhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1871-8593МинигалиеваИ. А.MinigalievaI. A.

Минигалиева Ильзира Амировна – д-р биол. наук, заведующий отделом токсикологии и биопрофилактики 

ул. Попова, д. 30, г. Екатеринбург, 620014 

Ilzira A. Minigalieva, Dr. Sci. (Biol.), Head of the Department of Toxicology and Bioprophylaxis 

30 Popov Street, Yekaterinburg, 620014

ilzira@ymrc.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0003-0780-5733НикогосянК. М.NikogosyanK. M.

Никогосян Карен Мерсопович – мл. науч. сотрудник отдела токсикологии и биопрофилактики  

ул. Попова, д. 30, г. Екатеринбург, 620014 

Karen M. Nikogosyan, Junior Researcher, Department of Toxicology and Bioprophylaxis 

30 Popov Street, Yekaterinburg, 620014

nikogosyan.k.m@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1743-7642СутунковаМ. П.SutunkovaM. P.

Сутункова Марина Петровна – д-р мед. наук, директор;  доцент, заведующий кафедрой гигиены и медицины труда

ул. Попова, д. 30, г. Екатеринбург, 620014 

ул. Репина, д. 3, г. Екатеринбург, 620028 

Marina P. Sutunkova, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Director; Assoc. Prof., Head of the Department of Occupational Health and Medicine

30 Popov Street, Yekaterinburg, 620014

3 Repin Street, Yekaterinburg, 620028

sutunkova@ymrc.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4694-0175БатенёваВ. А.BatenevaV. A.

Батенёва Влада Андреевна – лаборант-исследователь отдела токсикологии и биопрофилактики  

ул. Попова, д. 30, г. Екатеринбург, 620014 

Vlada A. Bateneva, Laboratory Research Assistant, Department of Toxicology and Bioprophylaxis 

30 Popov Street, Yekaterinburg, 620014

bateneva@ymrc.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0005-0040-8385ДубровинД. А.DubrovinD. A.

Дубровин Дмитрий Афонасьевич – лаборант-исследователь отдела токсикологии и биопрофилактики 

ул. Попова, д. 30, г. Екатеринбург, 620014 

Dmitry A. Dubrovin, Laboratory Research Assistant, Department of Toxicology and Bioprophylaxis 

30 Popov Street, Yekaterinburg, 620014

dmitriidubrovin2021@gmail.comФБУН «Екатеринбургский медицинский-научный центр профилактики и охраны здоровья рабочих промпредприятий» РоспотребнадзораРоссияYekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial WorkersRussian FederationФБУН «Екатеринбургский медицинский-научный центр профилактики и охраны здоровья рабочих промпредприятий» Роспотребнадзора ; ФГБОУ ВО «Уральский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава РоссииРоссияYekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers ; Ural State Medical UniversityRussian Federation20241311202432104551Copyright © Минигалиева И.А., Никогосян К.М., Сутункова М.П., Батенёва В.А., Дубровин Д.А., 20242024Минигалиева И.А., Никогосян К.М., Сутункова М.П., Батенёва В.А., Дубровин Д.А.Minigalieva I.A., Nikogosyan K.M., Sutunkova M.P., Bateneva V.A., Dubrovin D.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://zniso.fcgie.ru/jour/article/view/2238

Введение. Демографическая ситуация за последние десятилетия в Российской Федерации характеризуется низким уровнем рождаемости. Из Государственного доклада Роспотребнадзора следует, что в 2023 году 75,4 миллиона человек в Российской Федерации подверглись комплексной химической нагрузке. Воздействие химических веществ, в частности свинца, как фактора производственной и окружающей среды оказывает существенное влияние на репродуктивную систему человека начиная с детского возраста.Цель исследования: поиск, обобщение и систематизация материалов, посвященных особенностям вредного действия свинца на репродуктивную систему, как основы для дальнейшей разработки лечебных и профилактических мероприятий.Материалы и методы. Источниками для поиска библиографии стали поисковая система PubMed, единая библиографическая и реферативная база данных рецензируемой научной литературы Scopus, Российские электронные научные библиотеки ELibrary и CyberLeninka. Поиск проводился среди публикаций на русском и английском языках с 2004 по 2024 год. В итоге было проанализировано более 500 статей, в результате из них отобрано 36 полнотекстовых публикаций, из них 23 статьи не старше 5 лет. Статьи были отобраны по принципу наличия в них информации о негативных эффектах свинца на репродуктивную систему лабораторных животных и/или популяции людей, в случае если исследование носило эпидемиологический характер.Результаты. Наиболее частым изменением, наблюдаемым в большом количестве исследований по оценке репротоксичности свинца, является изменение массы органов половой системы, нарушение их гистологической структуры, цитотоксические эффекты в отношение сперматозоидов, их подвижности, жизнеспособности, целостности, наличие аномалий, а также изменения уровня гормонов в тканях и сыворотке крови, активности и количества ферментов, связанных с репродуктивной системой. Воздействие свинца на репродуктивную систему неизбежно сопровождается изменением экспрессии генов, ответственных за регуляцию воспалительных процессов, активацию или ингибирование апоптоза, антиоксидантную защиту, регуляцию функции ферментных систем и гормональные изменения.Заключение. Дальнейшее изучение особенностей воздействия свинца на репродуктивную систему позволит выявить механизмы токсического действия, которые в последствие можно считать «критическими точками» приложения профилактических и лечебно-профилактических мероприятий.

Introduction: The demographic situation in the Russian Federation over the past decades is noted for a low birth rate. According to the State Report by the Federal Service for Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing (Rospotrebnadzor), in 2023, 75.4 million Russian people experienced combined exposure to multiple chemicals. Chemical exposure, particularly that to lead as an occupational and environmental risk factor, has a significant impact on the human reproductive system, starting from childhood.Objective: To search, summarize, and systematize published data on adverse effects of lead on the reproductive system as a basis for further development of therapeutic and preventive measures.Materials and methods: The sources for the bibliography search were the PubMed search engine, the Scopus abstract and citation database of peer-reviewed scientific literature, the eLibrary and CyberLeninka Russian electronic scientific libraries. The search was conducted among Russian and English-language publications issued in 2004–2024. Of over 500 articles screened, 36 full-text publications describing the results of epidemiological studies of lead exposure and its adverse effects on the reproductive system of laboratory animals and/or humans were selected for this review, of which 23 articles were published within the past 5 years.Results: The most frequent effects observed in a large number of studies assessing reproductive toxicity of lead include a change in the weight of the reproductive organs, disruption of their histological structure, cytotoxic effects on spermatozoa, their motility, viability, and integrity, the presence of abnormalities, as well as changes in the level of hormones in tissues and blood serum, activity and amount of enzymes associated with the reproductive system. The effect of lead on the reproductive system is inevitably accompanied by a change in the expression of genes responsible for regulation of inflammatory processes, activation or inhibition of apoptosis, antioxidant protection, regulation of the function of enzyme systems and hormonal changes.Conclusion: Further study of lead effects on the reproductive system will help reveal mechanisms of toxicity, which can subsequently be considered “critical points” for preventive health and therapeutic measures to be focused on.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.