<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sredob</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Здоровье населения и среда обитания – ЗНиСО</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Public Health and Life Environment – PH&amp;LE</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2219-5238</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0788</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФБУЗ ФЦГиЭ Роспотребнадзора</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35627/2219-5238/2020-325-4-43-47</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sredob-202</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СОЦИОЛОГИЯ МЕДИЦИНЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MEDICAL SOCIOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Отсутствие навыков первой помощи как фактор высокой смертности при ДТП в Российской Федерации</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Lack of First Aid Skills as a Contributing Factor of High Road Traffic Fatality Rates in the Russian Federation</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3052-0763</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Popov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">alexandrus238@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7083-759X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каймакова</surname><given-names>У. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kaimakova</surname><given-names>U. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6721-7453</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стецкий</surname><given-names>Н. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stetsky</surname><given-names>N. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1887-8877</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ребро</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rebro</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6947-9900</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мустафина</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mustafina</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Волжский политехнический институт (филиал) ФГБОУ ВО «Волгоградский государственный технический университет»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Volzhsky Polytechnic Institute, Branch of Volgograd State Technical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Волгоградский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Volgograd State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>04</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>43</fpage><lpage>47</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Попов А.В., Каймакова У.М., Стецкий Н.П., Ребро И.В., Мустафина Д.А., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Попов А.В., Каймакова У.М., Стецкий Н.П., Ребро И.В., Мустафина Д.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Popov A.V., Kaimakova U.M., Stetsky N.P., Rebro I.V., Mustafina D.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://zniso.fcgie.ru/jour/article/view/202">https://zniso.fcgie.ru/jour/article/view/202</self-uri><abstract><p>Введение. Российская Федерация занимает одно из первых мест по показателям дорожно-транспортной смертности среди стран Европейского региона ВОЗ. Среди причин высокого уровня смертности на дорогах РФ можно особо выделить собственное отношение участников дорожного движения к безопасности, в том числе низкую медицинскую грамотность и неготовность оказывать первую помощь пострадавшим. Цель исследования. Рассмотреть одну из возможных причин высокой смертности при ДТП в РФ - неоказание быстрой и грамотной первой помощи - и определить возможные пути исправления существующей ситуации. Материалы и методы. В мае-сентябре 2018 г. и январе и июне 2019 г. проводились опросы граждан РФ, имеющих водительское удостоверение и опыт управления транспортным средством, в разных регионах страны (Волгоградская область, Краснодарский край, Ростовская область, Москва и др.). Всего опрошено 403 человека: 284 мужчин и 119 женщин. Респондентам было предложено ответить на вопросы о медицинской подготовке в автошколах, участии в ДТП, приемах оказания первой помощи. Результаты исследования. У большинства опрошенных (63 %) занятия по первой медицинской помощи в автошколе проводил сотрудник автошколы, а почти у четверти опрошенных (23 %) таких занятий не было вовсе. Примерно у 68 % респондентов не было практических занятий по оказанию первой медицинской помощи с использованием манекенов. Около 17 % сталкивались с ситуацией необходимости оказания первой помощи и оказывали ее, а около 14 % не могли оказать помощь по причине боязни навредить пострадавшему и стрессовой обстановки. В результате анализа полученных данных было подсчитано количество верных и полных ответов, то есть получивших по шкале оценивания «1» и «2» балла, и составлена контрольная карта среднего значения. Анализ контрольной карты показал, что прошли аттестацию через опрос 331 из 403 участников, что составляет 82 %. Заключение. Хотя результаты оказались не такими плохими, как можно было ожидать, значительные пробелы знаний в области оказания первой помощи существуют: имеются участники, не справившиеся с предлагаемыми вопросами. Учитывая, что, помимо знания как оказать помощь, человек должен быть способен применить эти знания, не поддаваясь панике и не боясь вида крови, процент тех, кто реально может оказать помощь, будет еще ниже. Проведение занятий по медицинским вопросам в автошколах должно являться обязательным, с привлечением медицинских работников, на что следует обращать особое внимание государственным контролирующим органам при лицензировании. В то же время должно уделяться больше внимания обучению приемам оказания первой помощи в образовательных учреждениях (дошкольные учреждения, школы, ссузы и вузы). Кроме того, было бы целесообразно в обязательном порядке обучать водителей коммерческого автотранспорта оказанию первой помощи пострадавшим в дорожно-транспортных происшествиях.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Background: The Russian Federation is among the countries with the highest road traffic fatality rates in the WHO European Region. One of the main reasons for that is the personal attitude of traffic participants to safety that includes medical illiteracy and unpreparedness to render first aid to the injured. Our objective was to study failure to give quick and competent first aid as one of the possible causes of road traffic deaths in the Russian Federation and to identify potential ways of improving the situation. Materials and methods: In May-September 2018, in January and June 2019, we conducted a survey of 403 Russian citizens (284 men and 119 women) having a driver's license and driving experience in different Russian regions including the Volgograd Region, the Krasnodar Krai, the Rostov Region, Moscow, etc. The respondents were asked to answer the questions about first aid training courses in driving schools, prior involvement in road traffic accidents, and first aid techniques. Results: Most of the respondents (63%) reported having had first aid training courses at driving schools given by driving instructors and almost a quarter of the respondents (23%) reported having never had such courses at all. Approximately 68% of the survey participants had no first aid training using dummies. About 17% witnessed traffic collisions and provided at least some level of first aid while almost 14% could not give any help due to the stressful situation or fear to do harm to the injured. We then calculated the number of correct and complete answers rated 1 and 2 points according to the estimation scale and drew a control chart of the average value. The analysis of the control chart showed that 331 of 403 participants (82%) passed our test. Conclusions: Although the results were not as bad as might have been expected, significant gaps in basic first aid knowledge did exist: some respondents failed to answer the questions correctly. Given that in addition to theoretical knowledge the person should be able to use this knowledge decisively and calmly, without panic and the fear of blood, the percentage of those who can really help is even lower. First aid training courses in driving schools shall be mandatory and must be given by medical professionals. Governmental regulatory authorities should pay special attention to this issue when licensing. At the same time, more emphasis should be placed on first aid training in educational institutions (kindergartens, schools, colleges, and universities). In addition, we recommend compulsory first aid training of professional drivers of commercial vehicles.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дорожно-транспортное происшествие</kwd><kwd>смертность в ДТП</kwd><kwd>первая помощь</kwd><kwd>травмы</kwd><kwd>водители</kwd><kwd>травматизм на дорогах</kwd><kwd>безопасность движения</kwd><kwd>road traffic accident</kwd><kwd>road traffic deaths</kwd><kwd>first aid</kwd><kwd>injuries</kwd><kwd>drivers</kwd><kwd>road injuries</kwd><kwd>road traffic safety</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Марченко Д.В. Первая медицинская помощь при травмах и несчастных случаях. Ростов-на-Дону: Феникс, 2009. 314 с</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Марченко Д.В. Первая медицинская помощь при травмах и несчастных случаях. Ростов-на-Дону: Феникс, 2009. 314 с</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chokotho L, Mulwafu W, Singini I, et al.First responders and prehospital care for road traffic injuries in Malawi. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2017; 32(1):14-19. DOI: https://doi. org/10.1017/S1049023X16001175</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chokotho L, Mulwafu W, Singini I, et al.First responders and prehospital care for road traffic injuries in Malawi. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2017; 32(1):14-19. DOI: https://doi. org/10.1017/S1049023X16001175</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Masilkova M. Health and social consequences of road traffic accidents. Kontakt. 2017; 19(1):e43-e47. DOI: https://doi. org/10.1016/j.kontakt.2017.01.007</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Masilkova M. Health and social consequences of road traffic accidents. Kontakt. 2017; 19(1):e43-e47. DOI: https://doi. org/10.1016/j.kontakt.2017.01.007</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dhondt S, Macharis C, Terryn N, et al. Health burden of road traffic accidents, an analysis of clinical data on disability and mortality exposure rates in Flanders and Brussels. Accid Anal Prev. 2013; 50:659-666. DOI: https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2012.06.019</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dhondt S, Macharis C, Terryn N, et al. Health burden of road traffic accidents, an analysis of clinical data on disability and mortality exposure rates in Flanders and Brussels. Accid Anal Prev. 2013; 50:659-666. DOI: https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2012.06.019</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pei L, Liang F, Sun S, et al. Nursing students’ knowledge, willingness, and attitudes toward the first aid behavior as bystanders in traffic accident trauma: a cross-sectional survey. Int J Nurs Sci. 2018; 6(1):65-69. DOI: https://doi. org/10.1016/j.ijnss.2018.11.003</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pei L, Liang F, Sun S, et al. Nursing students’ knowledge, willingness, and attitudes toward the first aid behavior as bystanders in traffic accident trauma: a cross-sectional survey. Int J Nurs Sci. 2018; 6(1):65-69. DOI: https://doi. org/10.1016/j.ijnss.2018.11.003</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nordberg M, Castren M, Lindstrom V. Primary trauma triage performed by bystanders: an observation study. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2016; 31(4):353-357. DOI: https:// doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x1600039x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nordberg M, Castren M, Lindstrom V. Primary trauma triage performed by bystanders: an observation study. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2016; 31(4):353-357. DOI: https:// doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x1600039x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bakke HK, Steinvik T, Eidissen SI, et al. Bystander first aid in trauma - prevalence and quality: a prospective observational study. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2015; 59(9):1187-93. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/aas.12561</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bakke HK, Steinvik T, Eidissen SI, et al. Bystander first aid in trauma - prevalence and quality: a prospective observational study. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2015; 59(9):1187-93. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/aas.12561</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Oliver GJ, Walter DP, Redmond AD. Prehospital deaths from trauma: are injuries survivable and do bystanders help? Injury. 2017; 48(5):985-991. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/]. injury.2017.02.026</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Oliver GJ, Walter DP, Redmond AD. Prehospital deaths from trauma: are injuries survivable and do bystanders help? Injury. 2017; 48(5):985-991. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/]. injury.2017.02.026</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sunday OK, Adenike O-BI, Olawale OA. Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) of first aid treatment of road crash victims among commercial intercity drivers and its implications. Inj Prev. 2012; 18(Suppl 1):A212-A213. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2012-040590u.31</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sunday OK, Adenike O-BI, Olawale OA. Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) of first aid treatment of road crash victims among commercial intercity drivers and its implications. Inj Prev. 2012; 18(Suppl 1):A212-A213. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2012-040590u.31</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pallavisarji U, Gururaj G, Girish RN. Practice and perception of first aid among lay first responders in a southern district of India. Arch Trauma Res. 2013; 1(4):155-160. DOI: https:// doi.org/10.5812/atr.7972</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pallavisarji U, Gururaj G, Girish RN. Practice and perception of first aid among lay first responders in a southern district of India. Arch Trauma Res. 2013; 1(4):155-160. DOI: https:// doi.org/10.5812/atr.7972</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vakili MA, Mohjervatan A, Hosini NS, et al. The efficacy of a first aid training course for drivers: an experience from northern Iran. Chin J Traumatol. 2014; 17(5):289-292. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.issn.1008-1275.2014.05.008</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vakili MA, Mohjervatan A, Hosini NS, et al. The efficacy of a first aid training course for drivers: an experience from northern Iran. Chin J Traumatol. 2014; 17(5):289-292. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.issn.1008-1275.2014.05.008</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Olumide AO, Asuzu MC, Kale OO.Effect of first aid education on first aid knowledge and skills of commercial drivers in South West Nigeria. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2015; 30(6):579-85. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1049023X15005282</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Olumide AO, Asuzu MC, Kale OO.Effect of first aid education on first aid knowledge and skills of commercial drivers in South West Nigeria. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2015; 30(6):579-85. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1049023X15005282</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ibrahim NA, Ajani AWO, Mustafa IA, et al. Road traffic injury in Lagos, Nigeria: assessing prehospital care. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2017; 32(4):424-430. DOI: https://doi. org/10.1017/S1049023X17006410</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ibrahim NA, Ajani AWO, Mustafa IA, et al. Road traffic injury in Lagos, Nigeria: assessing prehospital care. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2017; 32(4):424-430. DOI: https://doi. org/10.1017/S1049023X17006410</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bazeli J, Aryankhesal A, Khorasani-Zavareh D. Exploring the perception of aid organizations’ staff about factors affecting management of mass casualty traffic incidents in Iran: a grounded theory study. Electron Physician. 2017; 9(7):4773-4779. DOI: https://doi.org/10.19082 /4773</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bazeli J, Aryankhesal A, Khorasani-Zavareh D. Exploring the perception of aid organizations’ staff about factors affecting management of mass casualty traffic incidents in Iran: a grounded theory study. Electron Physician. 2017; 9(7):4773-4779. DOI: https://doi.org/10.19082 /4773</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kibayashi K, Shimada R, Nakao K. Fatal traffic accidents and forensic medicine. IATSS Research. 2014; 38(1):71-76. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j. iatssr.2014.07.002</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kibayashi K, Shimada R, Nakao K. Fatal traffic accidents and forensic medicine. IATSS Research. 2014; 38(1):71-76. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j. iatssr.2014.07.002</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
