<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sredob</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Здоровье населения и среда обитания – ЗНиСО</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Public Health and Life Environment – PH&amp;LE</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2219-5238</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0788</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФБУЗ ФЦГиЭ Роспотребнадзора</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35627/2219-5238/2023-31-10-87-94</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sredob-1669</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭПИДЕМИОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>EPIDEMIOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Норовирусная инфекция в Свердловской области, 2009–2022 гг.: ретроспективный эпидемиологический анализ и результаты статистического моделирования</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Norovirus Infection in the Sverdlovsk Region, 2009–2022: Retrospective Epidemiological Analysis and Statistical Modeling Results</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5823-5257</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чалапа</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chalapa</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант кафедры эпидемиологии, социальной гигиены и организации госсанэпидслужбы ФГБОУ ВО УГМУ Минздрава России; научный сотрудник ФБУН ФНИИВИ «Виром» Роспотребнадзора</p><p>ул. Репина, д. 3, г. Екатеринбург, 620028</p><p>ул. Летняя, д. 32, г. Екатеринбург, 620030</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Postgraduate student, Department of Epidemiology, Public Health and Organization of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Service, Ural State Medical University; Researcher, Federal Research Institute of Viral Infections“Virom”</p><p>3 Repin Street, Yekaterinburg, 620028</p><p>23 Letnyaya Street, Yekaterinburg, 620030</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">neekewa@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0268-8887</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Косова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kosova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., доцент, заведующая кафедрой эпидемиологии, социальной гигиены и организации госсанэпидслужбы ФГБОУ ВО УГМУ Минздрава России</p><p>ул. Репина, д. 3, г. Екатеринбург, 620028</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.), docent, Head of the Department of Epidemiology, Public Health and Organization of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Service, Ural State Medical University</p><p>3 Repin Street, Yekaterinburg, 620028</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kosova_anna2003@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Машин</surname><given-names>Т. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mashin</surname><given-names>T. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> ординатор кафедры эпидемиологии, социальной гигиены и организации госсанэпидслужбы ФГБОУ ВО УГМУ Минздрава России</p><p>ул. Репина, д. 3, г. Екатеринбург, 620028</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>resident, Department of Epidemiology, Public Health and Organization of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Service, Ural State Medical University</p><p>3 Repin Street, Yekaterinburg, 620028</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tihonmashin@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ан</surname><given-names>Р. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>An</surname><given-names>R. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> ординатор кафедры эпидемиологии, социальной гигиены и организации госсанэпидслужбы ФГБОУ ВО УГМУ Минздрава России</p><p>ул. Репина, д. 3, г. Екатеринбург, 620028</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.), docent; Associate Professor of the Department of Epidemiology, Public Health and Organization of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Service, Ural State Medical University</p><p>3 Repin Street, Yekaterinburg, 620028</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tihonmashin@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Уральский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России; ФБУН «Федеральный научно-исследовательский институт вирусных инфекций “Виром”» Роспотребнадзора</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ural State Medical University; Federal Research Institute of Viral Infections “Virom”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Уральский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ural State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>11</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>31</volume><issue>10</issue><fpage>87</fpage><lpage>94</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Чалапа В.И., Косова А.А., Машин Т.И., Ан Р.Н., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Чалапа В.И., Косова А.А., Машин Т.И., Ан Р.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Chalapa V.I., Kosova A.A., Mashin T.I., An R.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://zniso.fcgie.ru/jour/article/view/1669">https://zniso.fcgie.ru/jour/article/view/1669</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Норовирусная инфекция является широко распространенным инфекционным заболеванием преимущественно детского возраста, наносящим существенный урон общественному здоровью.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования: проанализировать и описать эпидемиологическую ситуацию с норовирусной инфекцией в Свердловской области за период с 2009 по 2022 г., изучить детерминанты эпидемического процесса с применением методов статистического моделирования.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Проанализированы данные государственной статистики (помесячное число случаев норовирусной инфекции и численность новорожденных в Свердловской области), данные о погодных факторах и миграции населения. Для оценки роли природных и социальных факторов эпидемического процесса использована модель отрицательной биномиальной регрессии. Статистическая обработка проведена в среде R.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Многолетняя динамика заболеваемости норовирусной инфекцией в Свердловской области характеризовалась подъемом с последующей стабилизацией на относительно высоком уровне (2016–2018 гг.). Эпидемический сезон продолжался в среднем с октября – ноября по апрель – май. Контингентом риска явились дети в возрасте до 6 лет. Территориальное распределение заболеваемости неоднородно, в отдельных муниципалитетах области регистрируются относительно высокие уровни заболеваемости. Результаты статистического моделирования заболеваемости норовирусной инфекцией продемонстрировали отрицательную взаимосвязь между заболеваемостью и воздействием погодных факторов (температура воздуха, относительная влажность), а также повышенными уровнями заболеваемости COVID-19. Величина атмосферных осадков, атмосферное давление, продолжительность солнечного сияния и объем внешней миграции не являлись статистически значимыми предикторами. Помимо перечисленного, на динамику эпидемического процесса, по-видимому, оказывает влияние уровень коллективного иммунитета, хотя оценка подобного влияния затруднена в связи с отсутствием надежных данных о продолжительности иммунитета к норовирусам.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Норовирусная инфекция является актуальной для изучаемого региона инфекционной патологией, главным образом среди детей дошкольного возраста. Отрицательными предикторами, ассоциированными со снижением числа случаев норовирусной инфекции, явились температура воздуха и относительная влажность, а также периоды подъема заболеваемости COVID-19.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction: Norovirus infection (NVI) is a highly contagious disease that is most common in children and entails significant health care costs.</p></sec><sec><title>Objectives</title><p>Objectives: To analyze and describe epidemic spread patterns of norovirus infection in the Sverdlovsk Region in 2009–2022 and to examine its determinants using statistical modeling techniques.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods: We have analyzed statistics on the monthly number of NVI cases and newborns, publicly available data on weather factors and population migration in the Sverdlovsk Region. Negative binomial regression was used to assess contribution of natural and social factors to disease incidence. The statistical analysis was carried out in the R environment.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results: A long-term increasing trend in NVI incidence that stabilized on a relatively high level in 2016–2018 was observed. The epidemic season usually started in October or November and lasted until April–May. Children under 6 years of age were at highest risk of the infection. Distribution of the disease incidence across the Sverdlovsk Region was uneven; relatively high rates were registered in some municipalities. The results of statistical modeling showed a negative correlation between weather conditions (mean temperature and relative humidity), high COVID-19 rates, and NVI incidence. The amount of precipitation, atmospheric pressure, sunshine duration, and external migration were found to be statistically insignificant predictors. In addition to the above, the level of herd immunity is likely to affect the NVI incidence, although it is hard to estimate the extent of its impact due to the lack of trustworthy data on the duration of immunity to noroviruses.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion: Norovirus infection is a regional health care challenge, especially among preschool children. Ambient air temperature, relative humidity, and social distancing due to rising COVID-19 incidence rates proved to be negative predictors associated with a decrease in the number of NVI cases in the study area.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>norovirus infection</kwd><kwd>Sverdlovsk Region</kwd><kwd>descriptive study</kwd><kwd>retrospective epidemiological analysis</kwd><kwd>statistical modeling</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">работа проводилась в рамках выполнения государственного задания «Мониторинг циркуляции и генетического разнообразия возбудителей норовирусной инфекции»</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This study was conducted within implementation of the government assignment “Monitoring of the circulation and genetic diversity of the pathogens of norovirus infection”.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Farahmand M, Moghoofei M, Dorost A, et al. Global prevalence and genotype distribution of norovirus infection in children with gastroenteritis: A meta-analysis on 6 years of research from 2015 to 2020. Rev Med Virol. 2022;32(1):e2237. doi: 10.1002/rmv.2237</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Farahmand M, Moghoofei M, Dorost A, et al. Global prevalence and genotype distribution of norovirus infection in children with gastroenteritis: A meta-analysis on 6 years of research from 2015 to 2020. Rev Med Virol. 2022;32(1):e2237. doi: 10.1002/rmv.2237</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pires SM, Fischer-Walker CL, Lanata CF, et al. Aetiology-specific estimates of the global and regional incidence and mortality of diarrhoeal diseases commonly transmitted through food. PLoS One. 2015;10(12):e0142927. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142927</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pires SM, Fischer-Walker CL, Lanata CF, et al. Aetiology-specific estimates of the global and regional incidence and mortality of diarrhoeal diseases commonly transmitted through food. PLoS One. 2015;10(12):e0142927. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142927</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang J, Gao Z, Yang ZR, Liu K, Zhang H. Global prevalence of asymptomatic norovirus infection in outbreaks: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Infect Dis. 2023;23(1):595. doi: 10.1186/s12879-023-08519-y</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang J, Gao Z, Yang ZR, Liu K, Zhang H. Global prevalence of asymptomatic norovirus infection in outbreaks: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Infect Dis. 2023;23(1):595. doi: 10.1186/s12879-023-08519-y</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Barclay L, Park GW, Vega E, et al. Infection control for norovirus. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2014;20(8):731-740. doi: 10.1111/1469-0691.12674</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Barclay L, Park GW, Vega E, et al. Infection control for norovirus. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2014;20(8):731-740. doi: 10.1111/1469-0691.12674</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">O’Brien SJ, Sanderson RA, Rushton SP. Control of norovirus infection. Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2019;35(1):14-19. doi: 10.1097/MOG.0000000000000491</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">O’Brien SJ, Sanderson RA, Rushton SP. Control of norovirus infection. Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2019;35(1):14-19. doi: 10.1097/MOG.0000000000000491</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ettayebi K, Tenge VR, Cortes-Penfield NW, et al. New insights and enhanced human norovirus cultivation in human intestinal enteroids. mSphere. 2021;6(1):e0113620. doi: 10.1128/mSphere.01136-20</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ettayebi K, Tenge VR, Cortes-Penfield NW, et al. New insights and enhanced human norovirus cultivation in human intestinal enteroids. mSphere. 2021;6(1):e0113620. doi: 10.1128/mSphere.01136-20</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Косова А.А. и др. Эпидемиологическая характеристика норовирусной инфекции // Уральский медицинский журнал. 2022. Т. 21. № 3. С. 114–128.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chalapa VI, Mashin TI, An RN. Norovirus infection in Sverdlovsk Region: A descriptive study. In: Urgent Issues of Contemporary Medical Science and Health Care: Proceedings of the Eighth International Congress of Young Scientists and Students, Yekaterinburg, April 19–20, 2023. Yekaterinburg: Ural State Medical University Publ.; 2023;2062-2067. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Чалапа В.И., Машин Т.И., Ан Р.Н. Ретроспективный эпидемиологический анализ заболеваемости норовирусной инфекцией в Свердловской области // Актуальные вопросы современной медицинской науки и здравоохранения: Сборник статей VIII Международной научно-практической конференции молодых ученых и студентов, Екатеринбург, 19–20 апреля 2023 года. Екатеринбург: Уральский государственный медицинский университет Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, 2023. С. 2062–2067.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kharrati-Kopaei M, Dorosti-Motlagh R. Confidence intervals for the ratio of two independent Poisson rates: Parametric bootstrap, modified asymptotic, and approximate-estimate approaches. Stat Methods Med Res. 2020;29(8):2140-2150. doi: 10.1177/0962280219886889</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kharrati-Kopaei M, Dorosti-Motlagh R. Confidence intervals for the ratio of two independent Poisson rates: Parametric bootstrap, modified asymptotic, and approximate-estimate approaches. Stat Methods Med Res. 2020;29(8):2140-2150. doi: 10.1177/0962280219886889</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shi X, Gallagher C, Lund R, Killick R. A comparison of single and multiple changepoint techniques for time series data. Comput Stat Data Anal. 2022;170:107433. doi: 10.1016/j.csda.2022.107433</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shi X, Gallagher C, Lund R, Killick R. A comparison of single and multiple changepoint techniques for time series data. Comput Stat Data Anal. 2022;170:107433. doi: 10.1016/j.csda.2022.107433</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Duraj A, Szczepaniak PS. Outlier detection in data streams – A comparative study of selected methods. Procedia Computer Science. 2021;192:2769-2778. doi: 10.1016/j.procs.2021.09.047</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Duraj A, Szczepaniak PS. Outlier detection in data streams – A comparative study of selected methods. Procedia Computer Science. 2021;192:2769-2778. doi: 10.1016/j.procs.2021.09.047</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schober P, Vetter TR. Count data in medical research: Poisson regression and negative binomial regression. Anesth Analg. 2021;132(5):1378-1379. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000005398</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schober P, Vetter TR. Count data in medical research: Poisson regression and negative binomial regression. Anesth Analg. 2021;132(5):1378-1379. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000005398</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Beltrán-Beltrán JI, O’Reilly FJ. On goodness of fit tests for the Poisson, negative binomial and binomial distributions. Statistical Papers. 2019;60(1):1-18. doi: 10.1007/s00362-016-0820-5</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Beltrán-Beltrán JI, O’Reilly FJ. On goodness of fit tests for the Poisson, negative binomial and binomial distributions. Statistical Papers. 2019;60(1):1-18. doi: 10.1007/s00362-016-0820-5</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mishchenko VA, Kshnyasev IA, Davydova YuA, Vyalykh IV. Substantiation of statistical model to describe and predict risks of tick bites for population. Health Risk Analysis. 2022;(3):119–125. doi: 10.21668/health.risk/2022.3.11.eng</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мищенко М.А., Кшнясев И.А., Давыдова Ю.А., Вялых И.В. Обоснование статистической модели для описания и прогноза рисков населения подвергнуться атакам иксодовых клещей // Анализ риска здоровью. 2022. № 3. С. 119–125. doi: 10.21668/health.risk/2022.3.11</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhao J, Jiang F, Zhong L, Sun J, Ding J. Age patterns and transmission characteristics of hand, foot and mouth disease in China. BMC Infect Dis. 2016;16(1):691. doi: 10.1186/s12879-016-2008-y</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhao J, Jiang F, Zhong L, Sun J, Ding J. Age patterns and transmission characteristics of hand, foot and mouth disease in China. BMC Infect Dis. 2016;16(1):691. doi: 10.1186/s12879-016-2008-y</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gozuyilmaz S, Kundakcioglu OE. Mathematical optimization for time series decomposition. OR Spectrum. 2021;43(2):733-758. doi: 10.1007/s00291-021-00637-w</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gozuyilmaz S, Kundakcioglu OE. Mathematical optimization for time series decomposition. OR Spectrum. 2021;43(2):733-758. doi: 10.1007/s00291-021-00637-w</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dhimal M, Bhandari D, Karki KB, et al. Effects of climatic factors on diarrheal diseases among children below 5 years of age at national and subnational levels in Nepal: An ecological study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(10):6138. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19106138</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dhimal M, Bhandari D, Karki KB, et al. Effects of climatic factors on diarrheal diseases among children below 5 years of age at national and subnational levels in Nepal: An ecological study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(10):6138. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19106138</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Horn LM, Hajat A, Sheppard L, et al. Association between precipitation and diarrheal disease in Mozambique. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018;15(4):709. doi: 10.3390/ijerph15040709</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Horn LM, Hajat A, Sheppard L, et al. Association between precipitation and diarrheal disease in Mozambique. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018;15(4):709. doi: 10.3390/ijerph15040709</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Andhikaputra G, Sapkota A, Lin YK, et al. The impact of temperature and precipitation on all-infectious-, bacterial-, and viral-diarrheal disease in Taiwan. Sci Total Environ. 2023;862:160850. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160850</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Andhikaputra G, Sapkota A, Lin YK, et al. The impact of temperature and precipitation on all-infectious-, bacterial-, and viral-diarrheal disease in Taiwan. Sci Total Environ. 2023;862:160850. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160850</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Setty KE, Enault J, Loret JF, Puigdomenech Serra C, Martin-Alonso J, Bartram J. Time series study of weather, water quality, and acute gastroenteritis at Water Safety Plan implementation sites in France and Spain. Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2018;221(4):714-726. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2018.04.001</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Setty KE, Enault J, Loret JF, Puigdomenech Serra C, Martin-Alonso J, Bartram J. Time series study of weather, water quality, and acute gastroenteritis at Water Safety Plan implementation sites in France and Spain. Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2018;221(4):714-726. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2018.04.001</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Morral-Puigmal C, Martínez-Solanas È, Villanueva CM, Basagaña X. Weather and gastrointestinal disease in Spain: A retrospective time series regression study. Environ Int. 2018;121(Pt 1):649-657. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.10.003</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Morral-Puigmal C, Martínez-Solanas È, Villanueva CM, Basagaña X. Weather and gastrointestinal disease in Spain: A retrospective time series regression study. Environ Int. 2018;121(Pt 1):649-657. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.10.003</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aik J, Ong J, Ng LC. The effects of climate variability and seasonal influence on diarrhoeal disease in the tropical city-state of Singapore – A time-series analysis. Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2020;227:113517. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2020.113517</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aik J, Ong J, Ng LC. The effects of climate variability and seasonal influence on diarrhoeal disease in the tropical city-state of Singapore – A time-series analysis. Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2020;227:113517. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2020.113517</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bruggink LD, Garcia-Clapes A, Tran T, Druce JD, Thorley BR. Decreased incidence of enterovirus and norovirus infections during the COVID-19 pandemic, Victoria, Australia, 2020. Commun Dis Intell (2018). 2021;45. doi: 10.33321/cdi.2021.45.5</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bruggink LD, Garcia-Clapes A, Tran T, Druce JD, Thorley BR. Decreased incidence of enterovirus and norovirus infections during the COVID-19 pandemic, Victoria, Australia, 2020. Commun Dis Intell (2018). 2021;45. doi: 10.33321/cdi.2021.45.5</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Epifanova NV, Oparina SV, Zverev VV, Kashnikov AYu, Novikova NA. [Norovirus circulation during the COVID-19 pandemic.] In: Infectious Diseases in the Modern World: Evolution, Current and Future Threats: Proceedings of the 13th Annual Russian Congress on Infectious Diseases Named after Academician Pokrobsky, Moscow, May 24–26, 2021. Moscow: Medical Marketing Agency Publ.; 2021:59. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Епифанова Н.В., Опарина С. В., Зверев В. В., Кашникова А. Ю., Новикова Н. А. Циркуляция норовирусов в условиях пандемии новой коронавирусной инфекции // Сборник трудов ХIII Ежегодного Всероссийского Конгресса по инфекционным болезням имени академика В.И. Покровского, Москва, 2021. Общество с ограниченной ответственностью «Медицинское Маркетинговое Агентство», 2021. С. 59.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lappe BL, Wikswo ME, Kambhampati AK, et al. Predicting norovirus and rotavirus resurgence in the United States following the COVID-19 pandemic: a mathematical modelling study. BMC Infect Dis. 2023;23(1):254. doi: 10.1186/s12879-023-08224-w</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lappe BL, Wikswo ME, Kambhampati AK, et al. Predicting norovirus and rotavirus resurgence in the United States following the COVID-19 pandemic: a mathematical modelling study. BMC Infect Dis. 2023;23(1):254. doi: 10.1186/s12879-023-08224-w</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lappe BL, Wikswo ME, Kambhampati AK, et al. Predicting norovirus and rotavirus resurgence in the United States following the COVID-19 pandemic: a mathematical modelling study. BMC Infect Dis. 2023;23(1):254. doi: 10.1186/s12879-023-08224-w</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
