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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sredob</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Здоровье населения и среда обитания – ЗНиСО</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Public Health and Life Environment – PH&amp;LE</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2219-5238</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0788</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФБУЗ ФЦГиЭ Роспотребнадзора</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35627/2219-5238/2023-31-5-41-51</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sredob-1496</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КОММУНАЛЬНАЯ ГИГИЕНА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>COMMUNAL HYGIENE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Пластик в биосфере – риски биоте и здоровью населения России</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Plastic in the Biosphere – Risks to Biota and Human Health in Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8689-7327</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кизеев</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kizeev</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кизеев Алексей Николаевич – к.б.н., старший научный сотрудник отдела исследований среды обитания и здоровья населения в Арктической зоне Российской Федерации</p><p>2-я Советская ул., д. 4, г. Санкт-Петербург, 191036</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksei N. Kizeev, Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Senior Researcher, Arctic Environmental Health Department</p><p>4, 2nd Sovetskaya Street, Saint Petersburg, 191036</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aleksei.kizeev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0275-0553</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сюрин</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Syurin</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сюрин Сергей Алексеевич – д.м.н., главный научный сотрудник отдела исследований среды обитания и здоровья населения в Арктической зоне Российской Федерации</p><p>2-я Советская ул., д. 4, г. Санкт-Петербург, 191036</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergei A. Syurin, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Chief Researcher</p><p>4, 2nd Sovetskaya Street, Saint Petersburg, 191036</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kola.reslab@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Северо-Западный научный центр гигиены и общественного здоровья» Роспотребнадзора</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Northwest Public Health Research Center</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>06</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>31</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>41</fpage><lpage>51</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кизеев А.Н., Сюрин С.А., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кизеев А.Н., Сюрин С.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kizeev A.N., Syurin S.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://zniso.fcgie.ru/jour/article/view/1496">https://zniso.fcgie.ru/jour/article/view/1496</self-uri><abstract><p>Введение. Рост производства пластика при его недостаточной утилизации привел к глобальному загрязнению окружающей среды и рискам биоте и здоровью человека.Цель исследования – анализ данных научной литературы о создаваемых пластиком рисках для биоты и здоровья населения России.Материалы и методы. Исследованы научные публикации, индексированные в международных (Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed) и в отечественной (РИНЦ) базах данных за 2012–2022 годы. Отбор литературных источников осуществлялся по ключевым словам и словосочетаниям: микропластик, микропластик + биота, микропластик + здоровье человека. Глубина поиска составляла 11 лет. В работе использовались 60 источников информации, при отборе которых преимущество отдавалось результатам исследований в России, представленным в журналах, входящих в ядро РИНЦ, а при отборе зарубежных публикаций – журналам, индексируемым в Web of Science и Scopus (Q1–Q2).Результаты. С пластиком связаны многие потенциальные угрозы для биоты и человека. Наибольший риск для млекопитающих и других крупных представителей фауны связан с макрофрагментами (&gt; 5 мм) пластикового мусора, а для мелких животных – с его микрочастицами (&lt; 0,5 мм), вызывающими нарушения их питания, движения, репродукции. Для здоровья человека наибольшую опасность создают токсичные вещества, мигрирующие из пластиковой тары в пищевые продукты и жидкости (прежде всего бисфенолы и фталаты). Но в реальной жизни концентрации токсичных веществ в продуктах питания не превышают гигиенических нормативов, а экспериментальные нарушения состояния животных были получены при использовании концентраций, превышающих их уровень в окружающей среде. Установлены негативные эффекты микро- и наночастиц (&lt; 0,001 мм) пластика на клетки крови человека, иммунные и воспалительные процессы, апоптоз и др. Однако заболеваний, которые могли бы быть убедительно связаны с воздействием пластика на человека, пока не обнаружено.Заключение. Многие вопросы о влиянии токсичных продуктов деградации пластика, а также его микро- и наночастиц на биоту и человека остаются нерешенными. Поэтому сохраняется актуальность применения менее токсичных и подвергающихся биодеградации видов пластика, увеличения объемов его утилизации, воспитания экологически грамотного потребителя пластиковых изделий, широкого внедрения раздельного сбора мусора.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction: The constant growth of plastic production accompanied by its insufficient disposal has led to global environmental pollution and potential risks to biota and human health.Objective: To analyze scientific literature data on the risks posed by plastics for biota and public health in Russia.Materials and methods: We have studied scientific publications indexed in international (Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed) and domestic (Russian Science Citation Index (RSCI)) databases in 2012–2022 and searched for using the following keyword combinations: microplastics &amp; biota, microplastics &amp; human health. We reviewed 60 Russian and English-language literary sources giving preference to national studies published in journals included in the RSCI core collection and to foreign studies published in the journals indexed in the Web of Science and Scopus (Q1–Q2).Results: Many potential threats to biota and humans are associated with plastics. Macro-sized (&gt; 5 mm) plastic debris pose the highest risk to mammals and other large fauna while microparticles are dangerous for small mammals as they cause eating, movement, and reproductive disorders. Toxic substances, primarily bisphenols and phthalates that migrate from plastic containers into food and liquids, pose the greatest risk to human health. Yet, in real life, concentrations of these toxicants in food products do not exceed hygienic standards, and health disorders in experimental animals have been observed following the exposure to higher than naturally found levels of plastic contaminants. Adverse effects of plastic micro- and nanoparticles (&lt; 0.001 mm) on blood cells, immune and inflammatory processes, apoptosis, etc., have been established. Yet, no human diseases can be convincingly associated with plastic exposure nowadays.Conclusions: Many questions about the impact of toxic degradation products of plastic, its micro- and nanoparticles on biota and humans remain unresolved. It is therefore important to use potentially less toxic and biodegradable types of plastic, boost their recycling rates, raise public awareness on plastic pollution, and promote ubiquitous separate waste collection.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>пластик</kwd><kwd>микропластик</kwd><kwd>продукты деградации пластика</kwd><kwd>среда обитания</kwd><kwd>риски</kwd><kwd>биота</kwd><kwd>здоровье человека</kwd><kwd>Россия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>plastic</kwd><kwd>microplastics</kwd><kwd>plastic degradation products</kwd><kwd>environment</kwd><kwd>risks</kwd><kwd>biota</kwd><kwd>human health</kwd><kwd>Russia</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Саванина Я.В., Барский Е.Л., Фомина И.А., Лобакова Е.С. 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