sredobЗдоровье населения и среда обитания – ЗНиСОPublic Health and Life Environment – PH&LE2219-52382619-0788ФБУЗ ФЦГиЭ Роспотребнадзора10.35627/2219-5238/2024-32-3-49-53sredob-1491Research ArticleМЕДИЦИНА ТРУДАOCCUPATIONAL MEDICINEТабакокурение как фактор риска снижения слуха у работников шумовых профессий (обзор литературы)Tobacco Smoking as a Risk Factor of Hearing Impairment in Workers Exposed to Occupational Noise: A Literature Reviewhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2987-0099СпиринВ. Ф.SpirinV. F.

Спирин Владимир Федорович – д.м.н., профессор, ведущий научный сотрудник, заведующий отделом медицины труда и общей патологии.

ул. Заречная, зд. 1а, стр. 1, Саратов, 410022

Vladimir F. Spirin - Dr. Sci. (Med.), Prof.; Leading Researcher, Head of the Department of Occupational Medicine and General Pathology.

Bldg 1, 1A Zarechnaya Street, Saratov, 410022

vlad.spirin2011@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5749-2382РайковаС. В.RaikovaS. V.

Райкова Светлана Владимировна – к.м.н., доцент, старший научный сотрудник отдела медико-профилактических и инновационных технологий.

ул. Заречная, зд. 1а, стр. 1, Саратов, 410022

Svetlana V. Raikova - Cand. Sci. (Med.), docent; Senior Researcher of the Department of Preventive Medicine and Innovative Technologies.

Bldg 1, 1A Zarechnaya Street, Saratov, 410022

matiz853@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4099-9368КомлеваН. Е.KomlevaN. E.

Комлева Наталия Евгеньевна – д.м.н., зам. директора по научной работе.

ул. Заречная, зд. 1а, стр. 1, Саратов, 410022

Nataliia E. Komleva - Dr. Sci. (Med.), Deputy Director for Science.

Bldg 1, 1A Zarechnaya Street, Saratov, 410022

nekomleva@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6499-0459СтаршовА. М.StarshovA. M.

Старшов Андрей Михайлович – научный сотрудник отдела медицины труда и общей патологии.

ул. Заречная, зд. 1а, стр. 1, Саратов, 410022

Andrey M. Starshov - Researcher, Department of Occupational Medicine and General Pathology.

Bldg 1, 1A Zarechnaya Street, Saratov, 410022

mail@smncg.ruСаратовский МНЦ гигиены ФБУН «ФНЦ медико-профилактических технологий управления рисками здоровью населения»РоссияSaratov Scientific Research Center for Hygiene, Branch of the Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management TechnologiesRussian Federation2024290320243234953Copyright © Спирин В.Ф., Райкова С.В., Комлева Н.Е., Старшов А.М., 20242024Спирин В.Ф., Райкова С.В., Комлева Н.Е., Старшов А.М.Spirin V.F., Raikova S.V., Komleva N.E., Starshov A.M.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://zniso.fcgie.ru/jour/article/view/1491Введение

Введение. Нейросенсорная тугоухость занимает ведущее место в списке профессиональных заболеваний у лиц шумовых профессий. Современные исследования свидетельствуют о роли табакокурения как фактора риска снижения слуха у работников, подвергающихся воздействию производственного шума.

Цель исследования

Цель исследования: обобщить и систематизировать результаты исследований, посвященных изучению влияния табакокурения на снижение слуха у работников шумовых профессий.

Материалы и методы

Материалы и методы. Выполнен поиск исследований, опубликованных в базах данных Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, РИНЦ за период 1990–2023 гг., по ключевым словам и их сочетаниям: табакокурение, снижение слуха, нейросенсорная тугоухость, производственный шум, патогенез, smoking, hearing loss, occupational noise-induced hearing loss, sensorineural hearing loss, noise, pathogenesis. Были использованы материалы 36 полнотекстовых источников, содержащих информацию о роли табакокурения и патогенетических механизмах снижения слуха у работников шумовых профессий.

Результаты

Результаты. В настоящее время отсутствует единое мнение о первичных мишенях и основном патогенетическом механизме снижения слуха. В последнее время все большая роль в формировании тугоухости отводится влиянию метаболических нарушений с последующей активацией сигнальных путей, ведущих к апоптозу клеток. Установлено, что табакокурение может быть самостоятельным фактором риска потери слуха на высоких частотах, а сочетанное воздействие табакокурения и профессионального шума обладает аддитивным действием. Курение может выступать как самостоятельный фактор, вызывающий поражение слуха при более низких дозах шумовой нагрузки на производстве, а отказ от курения приводит к снижению риска потери слуха.

Заключение

Заключение. Проведенный анализ позволяет расширить представление о роли табакокурения в снижении слуха у работников шумовых профессий и патогенетических механизмах снижения слуха при хроническом воздействии производственного шума у лиц, употребляющих курительную табачную продукцию, для обоснования системного, комплексного подхода к его лечению и профилактике.

Background

Background: Sensorineural hearing loss ranks first among occupational diseases in workers of noisy occupations. Recent studies have proven the role of tobacco smoking as a risk factor for hearing impairment in workers exposed to industrial noise.

Objective

Objective: To summarize and systematize the results of studying the impact of tobacco smoking on hearing impairment in workers employed in noisy jobs.

Materials and methods

Materials and methods: We have searched Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and RSCI databases for the studies published in 1990–2023 using the following keywords and phrases in Russian and English: smoking, hearing loss, occupational noise-induced hearing loss, sensorineural hearing loss, noise, and pathogenesis. Materials from 36 full-text sources containing information on the role of tobacco smoking and the pathogenetic mechanisms of hearing loss in individuals exposed to noise at work were used for the review.

Results

Results: Currently, there is no consensus on primary targets and the main pathogenetic mechanism of hearing loss. An increasing role in its development has been assigned recently to metabolic disorders with subsequent activation of signaling pathways leading to cell apoptosis. We have established that tobacco smoking can be an independent risk factor for hearing loss at high frequencies, while the combined exposure to tobacco smoking and occupational noise has an additive effect. Smoking can act as an independent factor causing hearing impairment at lower noise levels in the workplace, and quitting smoking reduces the risk of hearing loss.

Conclusion

Conclusion: Our findings allow us to expand the understanding of the role of tobacco smoking in hearing loss in workers employed in noisy jobs and the pathogenetic mechanisms of hearing impairment related to chronic occupational noise exposure in smokers in order to substantiate a comprehensive, integrated approach to its treatment and prevention.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.