sredobЗдоровье населения и среда обитания – ЗНиСОPublic Health and Life Environment – PH&LE2219-52382619-0788ФБУЗ ФЦГиЭ Роспотребнадзора10.35627/2022-30-12-81-88sredob-1202Research ArticleЭПИДЕМИОЛОГИЯEPIDEMIOLOGYИспользование синхротронного излучения в вирусологииThe Use of Synchrotron Radiation in Virologyhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7416-5797КондрановаА. М.KondranovaA. M.

Кондранова Анастасия Михайловна – стажер-исследователь; аспирант

р.п. Кольцово, Новосибирская обл., 630559

ул. Пирогова, д. 1, г. Новосибирск, 630090

Anastasiya M. Kondranova, Trainee Researcher; postgraduate student

Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region, 630559

1 Pirogov Street, Novosibirsk, 630090

kondranova_am@vector.nsc.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9490-1939ГладышеваА. А.GladyshevaA. A.

Гладышева Анастасия Андреевна – стажер исследователь;  магистрант 

р.п. Кольцово, Новосибирская обл., 630559

ул. Пирогова, д. 1, г. Новосибирск, 630090

Anastasia A. Gladysheva, Trainee Researcher; graduate student

Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region, 630559

1 Pirogov Street, Novosibirsk, 630090

gladysheva_aa@vector.nsc.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7396-3954ГладышеваА. В.GladyshevaA. V.

Гладышева Анастасия Витальевна – младший научный сотрудник, аспирант, заместитель руководителя проекта «Использование синхротронного излучения для вирусологических исследований» 

р.п. Кольцово, Новосибирская обл., 630559

 

 

Anastasia V. Gladysheva, Junior Researcher, postgraduate student, Deputy Head of the Project “The use of synchrotron radiation for virology research”

Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region, 630559

gladysheva_av@vector.nsc.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2577-0434АгафоновА. П.AgafonovA. P.

Агафонов Александр Петрович – д.б.н., заместитель генерального директора по научной работе, руководитель проекта «Использование синхротронного излучения для вирусологических исследований» 

р.п. Кольцово, Новосибирская обл., 630559

Alexander P. Agafonov, Dr. Sci. (Biol.), Deputy Director-General for Research, Head of the Project “The use of synchrotron radiation for virology research”

Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region, 630559

agafonov_ap@vector.nsc.ruФБУН «Государственный научный центр вирусологии и биотехнологии “Вектор” Роспотребнадзора»; ФГАОУ ВО «Новосибирский национальный исследовательский государственный университет»State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”; Novosibirsk State UniversityФБУН «Государственный научный центр вирусологии и биотехнологии “Вектор” Роспотребнадзора»РоссияState Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”Russian Federation20221212202230128188Copyright © Кондранова А.М., Гладышева А.А., Гладышева А.В., Агафонов А.П., 20222022Кондранова А.М., Гладышева А.А., Гладышева А.В., Агафонов А.П.Kondranova A.M., Gladysheva A.A., Gladysheva A.V., Agafonov A.P.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://zniso.fcgie.ru/jour/article/view/1202Введение

Введение. Востребованность новых быстрых научных методов по созданию лекарственных препаратов для общественного здравоохранения становится все более острой. Для эффективной разработки вакцин и противовирусных препаратов важно детальное знание пространственной структуры вирусных белков и их комплексов, формирующихся при инфицировании организма вирусами, а для качественного проведения испытаний биопрепаратов важен своевременный подбор чувствительных животных моделей и изучение патогенеза инфекционного заболевания на них, в таком случае на помощь приходит новый мощный инструмент – источник синхротронного излучения.

Цель

Цель: анализ возможностей существующих источников синхротронного излучения для проведения вирусологических исследований от макроорганизмов до отдельных вирусных белков.

Материалы и методы

Материалы и методы. Проведен поиск литературы за период 1996–2022 гг. о применении синхротронного излучения в вирусологии и его значимости для общественного здравоохранения в будущем с использованием соответствующих ключевых слов в поисковой системе PubMed и базе данных PDB. Итоговая выборка состоит из 51 полнотекстового материала.

Результаты

Результаты. В настоящее время в мире насчитывается более 70 различных источников синхротронного излучения, многие из них применяются для разносторонних биологических исследований живых систем. Фазово-контрастная рентгенография дает возможность визуализации мягких тканей in vivo с разрешением до 1 мкм без использования контрастных веществ. При помощи синхротронного излучения становится возможной 3D-гистология в реальном времени без необходимости подготовки ультратонких срезов. Получение структуры вирусных белков в растворе и белковая кристаллография, реализуемая при источниках синхротронного излучения, активно используется в разработке противовирусных препаратов и изучении фундаментальных свойств вирусов начиная с 2000 года.

Заключение

Заключение. Рентгеновские методы, реализованные на источниках синхротронного излучения и обсуждаемые в этом обзоре, составляют фундаментальную основу многих вирусологических исследований и имеют перспективное будущее для обеспечения биологической безопасности России.

Introduction

Introduction: The demand for new rapid methods for development of medicines for health care is becoming more relevant. Detailed knowledge of the spatial structure of viral proteins and their complexes formed when the organism is infected with viruses is important for effective development of vaccines and antiviral drugs. Timely selection of sensitive animal models and the study of the pathogenesis of an infectious disease on them are important for quality testing of biological preparations. The synchrotron radiation source is a new powerful biological research tool.

Objective

Objective: To analyze the potential of existing sources of synchrotron radiation for conducting virology research, from macroorganisms to individual viral proteins.

Materials and methods

Materials and methods: We searched for literary sources published in 1996–2022 and devoted to the use of synchrotron radiation in virology and its importance for public health in the future using relevant keywords in the PubMed and PDB databases. Fifty-one full-text publications were found eligible for inclusion in the review.

Results

Results: Currently, there are over 70 different synchrotron radiation sources worldwide and many of them are used for diverse biological studies of living systems. Phaseontrast X-ray imaging makes it possible to visualize soft tissues in vivo with resolution up to 1 µm in the absence of contrast agents. Synchrotron radiation allows real-time 3D-histology without the necessity to prepare ultra-thin slices. Obtaining the structure of viral proteins in solution and protein crystallography realized with synchrotron radiation sources has been actively used in antiviral drug development and the study of fundamental properties of viruses since 2000.

Conclusion

Conclusion: The X-ray techniques realized in synchrotron radiation sources discussed in this review constitute the fundamental basis of many virology studies and have a promising future for ensuring biological safety of Russia.

синхротронное излучениевирусологиямикротомография животныхгистологиябелковая кристаллографияsynchrotron radiationvirologyanimal microtomographyhistologyprotein crystallographyРабота выполнена при финансовой поддержке Министерства науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации (Соглашение от 12.10.2021 № 075-15-2021-1355), в рамках реализации отдельных мероприятий Федеральной научно-технической программы развития синхротронных и нейтронных исследований и исследовательской инфраструктуры на 2019–2027 годы.The study was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (Agreement No. 075-15-2021-1355 dated October 12, 2021) as part of implementation of certain activities of the Federal Scientific and Technical Program for the Development of Synchrotron and Neutron Research and Research Infrastructure for 2019–2027.ReferencesFauci AS. Infectious diseases: considerations for the 21st century. 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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.