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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sredob</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Здоровье населения и среда обитания – ЗНиСО</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Public Health and Life Environment – PH&amp;LE</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2219-5238</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0788</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФБУЗ ФЦГиЭ Роспотребнадзора</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35627/2219-5238/2022-30-10-33-39</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sredob-1180</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КОММУНАЛЬНАЯ ГИГИЕНА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>COMMUNAL HYGIENE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Методический подход к оценке источников и путей поступления стойких органических загрязняющих веществ (СОЗ) в пресноводные объекты</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>A Methodological Approach to Assessing Sources and Pathways for Persistent Organic Pollutants in Freshwater Bodies</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3334-7073</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чуйко</surname><given-names>Г. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chuiko</surname><given-names>G. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.б.н., заведующий лабораторией физиологии и токсикологии водных животных, главный научный сотрудник,</p><p>д. 109, п. Борок, Некоузский р-н, Ярославская обл., 152742</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Biol.), Head of the Laboratory of Physiology and Toxicology of Aquatic Animals, Chief Researcher,</p><p>109 Borok Village, Nekouzsky District, Yaroslavl Region, 152742</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gchuiko@ibiw.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1621-6108</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Законнов</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zakonnov</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.г.н., ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории гидрологии и гидрохимии,</p><p>д. 109, п. Борок, Некоузский р-н, Ярославская обл., 152742</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Geogr.), Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Hydrology and Hydrochemistry,</p><p>109 Borok Village, Nekouzsky District, Yaroslavl Region, 152742</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zak@ibiw.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3461-9840</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бродский</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Brodsky</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.х.н., заведующий лабораторией аналитической экотоксикологии, главный научный сотрудник,</p><p>Ленинский пр., д. 33, г. Москва, 119071</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Chem.), Head of the Laboratory of Analytical Ecotoxicology, Chief Researcher, </p><p>33 Leninsky Avenue, Moscow, 119071</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">eco-analit@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6108-0409</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шелепчиков</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shelepchikov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.х.н., ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории аналитической экотоксикологии,</p><p>Ленинский пр., д. 33, г. Москва, 119071</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Chem.), Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Analytical Ecotoxicology,</p><p>33 Leninsky Avenue, Moscow, 119071</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">eco-analit@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУН «Институт биологии внутренних вод им. И.Д. Папанина» РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I.D. Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУН «Институт проблем экологии и эволюции им. А.Н. Северцова» РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>10</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>10</issue><fpage>33</fpage><lpage>39</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Чуйко Г.М., Законнов В.В., Бродский Е.С., Шелепчиков А.А., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Чуйко Г.М., Законнов В.В., Бродский Е.С., Шелепчиков А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Chuiko G.M., Zakonnov V.V., Brodsky E.S., Shelepchikov A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://zniso.fcgie.ru/jour/article/view/1180">https://zniso.fcgie.ru/jour/article/view/1180</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Актуальная проблема водной экотоксикологии – глобальное загрязнение водной среды стойкими загрязняющими веществами (СОЗ), являющимися опасными экотоксикантами. Они продолжают присутствовать в окружающей среде, несмотря на запрет их производства и применения в большинстве индустриально развитых стран. Опасность СОЗ для человека и животных зависит от времени их нахождения в окружающей среде (свежее или длительное) и путей поступления в водный объект (локальный точечный или диффузный атмосферный источники).</p></sec><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования: определить количественный и качественный состав разных групп СОЗ (ПХБ, ДДТ, ГХЦГ) в донных отложениях (ДО) некоторых пресноводных объектов РФ и на основе полученных данных предложить методический подход для определения источников и путей их поступления.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Исследование проводилось в 2006–2018 гг. на 13 водных объектах четырех морфогидрологических типов: крупные проточные водохранилища, крупные озера, мелкие болотные озера и эстуарии рек. Пробы ДО (86 шт.) отбирались с поверхностного горизонта 0–5 см. Содержания СОЗ определяли в суховоздушных образцах ДО методом хромато-масс-спектрометрии высокого разрешения.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Установлено, что в большинстве случаев СОЗ в исследованные пресноводные объекты поступают с атмосферными осадками. Об этом свидетельствуют трансформированные в сторону дехлорирования спектры их качественного состава в ДО относительно исходных коммерческих продуктов, равномерный характер пространственного распределения и низкое содержание. Однако в некоторых водных объектах до сих пор существуют источники свежего локального поступления СОЗ. На это указывает нетрансформированный спектр их качественного состава и градиентный характер их пространственного распределения наряду с высокими концентрациями.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Для установления путей поступления СОЗ в водные объекты необходимо: использовать верхний слой илистых ДО; оценить суммарное содержание каждого вещества и отдельно составляющих ее компонентов (гомологические группы, метаболиты, изомеры); определить характер пространственного распределения соединений по акватории. </p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction: An urgent problem of aquatic ecotoxicology is the global pollution of the aquatic environment with hazardous persistent organic pollutants (POPs). They persist in the environment despite the ban on their production and use in most industrialized countries. The danger of POPs for humans and animals depends on duration of their stay in the environment (short- or long-term) and pathways into the water body (from local point or diffuse atmospheric sources).</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: To determine the quantitative and qualitative composition of different groups of POPs (PCBs, DDT, HCCH) in bottom sediments of some freshwater bodies of the Russian Federation and propose a methodological approach to determining pollutant sources and pathways.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods: The study was conducted in 2006–2018 at 13 water bodies of four morphological and hydrological types: large circulating water reservoirs, large lakes, small marsh lakes, and river estuaries. 86 samples of bottom sediments were taken from the surface horizon of 0 to 5 cm. POP concentrations were measured in the air-dried samples by high resolution gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results: The analysis showed that, in most cases, POPs entered the studied freshwater bodies with precipitation. That was evidenced by the spectra of their qualitative composition transformed towards dechlorination compared to the initial commercial products, even spatial distribution, and a low content. We found, however, that POPs still get into some water bodies from industrial sources, as shown by the unchanged spectrum of their qualitative composition relative to the initial commercial products, gradient spatial distribution, and high concentrations.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions: To establish the main pathways for POPs to get into water bodies, it is necessary to analyze the upper layer of silty bottom sediments, evaluate the total content of each pollutant and its individual components (homologous groups, metabolites, isomers), and determine spatial distribution of compounds in the water area. </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>СОЗ</kwd><kwd>донные отложения</kwd><kwd>пресноводные объекты</kwd><kwd>пути поступления</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>POPs</kwd><kwd>bottom sediments</kwd><kwd>freshwater bodies</kwd><kwd>pollutant pathway</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках плановой темы № 121050500046-8, при частичной поддержке грантов РФФИ (№ 08-05-00805, 12-05-00572) и приоритетного проекта «Оздоровление Волги» по теме № г.р. АААА-А18-118052590015-9.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was carried out within the planned topic No. 121050500046-8, with partial support from Russian Foundation for Basic Research grants (Nos. 00805-05-08 and 00572-05-12) and the Priority Volga Revival Project on the topic No. g/r АААА-А18-118052590015-9.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Цыганков В.Ю., Боярова М.Д., Лукьянова О.Н. Химические и экологические аспекты стойких органических загрязняющих веществ: учеб. пособие; издание 2-е, исправленное, дополненное. Владивосток: Морской государственный университет им. адмирала Г.И. Невельского, 2015. 119 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tsygankov VYu, Boyarova MD, Lukyanova ON. [Chemical and Environmental Aspects of Persistent Organic Pollutants: A Manual.] 2nd ed. Vladivostok: Admiral G.I. 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