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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sredob</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Здоровье населения и среда обитания – ЗНиСО</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Public Health and Life Environment – PH&amp;LE</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2219-5238</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0788</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФБУЗ ФЦГиЭ Роспотребнадзора</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35627/2219-5238/2022-30-8-44-50</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sredob-1133</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГИГИЕНА ДЕТЕЙ И ПОДРОСТКОВ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PEDIATRIC HYGIENE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оценка здоровья подростков по показателям крови при переходе от школьной в университетскую образовательную среду</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Health Assessment in Adolescents Transitioning from High School to University Based on Their Hematological Parameters</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1531-5518</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рахманов</surname><given-names>Р. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rakhmanov</surname><given-names>R. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, профессор кафедры гигиены,</p><p>пл. Минина и Пожарского, д. 10/1, г. Нижний Новгород, 603950</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.), Prof.; Professor of the Department of Hygiene,</p><p>10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">raf53@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1573-3667</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Богомолова</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bogomolova</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, заведующая кафедрой гигиены,</p><p>пл. Минина и Пожарского, д. 10/1, г. Нижний Новгород, 603950</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.), Prof.; Head of the Department of Hygiene, </p><p>10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">olenabgm@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5749-1216</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тарасов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tarasov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., доцент, доцент кафедры педиатрии и профилактической медицины,</p><p>ул. А. Невского, д. 14, г. Калининград, 236041</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.), Assoc. Prof.; Associate Professor, Department of Pediatrics and Preventive Medicine,</p><p>14 Alexander Nevsky Street, Kaliningrad, 236041</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">drup1@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3952-3960</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Непряхин</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nepryakhin</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., доцент кафедры гигиены, </p><p>пл. Минина и Пожарского, д. 10/1, г. Нижний Новгород, 603950</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Department of Hygiene,</p><p>10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mutassyevo@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Приволжский исследовательский медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Privolzhsky Research Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Балтийский федеральный университет им. И. Канта»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>09</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>8</issue><fpage>44</fpage><lpage>50</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Рахманов Р.С., Богомолова Е.С., Тарасов А.В., Непряхин Д.В., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Рахманов Р.С., Богомолова Е.С., Тарасов А.В., Непряхин Д.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Rakhmanov R.S., Bogomolova E.S., Tarasov A.V., Nepryakhin D.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://zniso.fcgie.ru/jour/article/view/1133">https://zniso.fcgie.ru/jour/article/view/1133</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. При переходе от школьной к университетской форме обучения у подростков возможно напряжение адаптационного потенциала организма.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: оценить уровень адаптации в начальный период обучения в университете по показателям крови.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. У здоровых подростков 17 лет (n = 50) трижды отбирали кровь: на первой неделе, через 2 недели и через 1,5 месяца. Проводили общий анализ крови, определяли белок и белковые фракции, иммуноглобулины А, М и G, гормоны кортизол, тестостерон. По показателям белой крови оценивали состояние неспецифических адаптационных реакций организма.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Кортизол превышал или был на верхней границе нормы, по этапам наблюдения превышение выявлено у 50,0–70,0 % подростков. В начале наблюдения по лимфоцитам у 10,0 % диагносцировали состояние стресса, через 1,5 месяца у 35,0 % – реакцию переактивации. Нарастали альбумины и α1 -глобулины; α2-, β-, и γ-глобулины снижались; сывороточные иммуноглобулины М нарастали, иммуноглобулины А были ниже нормы, что свидетельствовало о снижении гуморального иммунитета. Компенсаторная реакция организма проявлялась в виде увеличения среднего объема эритроцита, снижения среднего содержания гемоглобина в эритроците и содержания гемоглобина к клеточному объему, снижения среднего объема тромбоцитов. Повышение альбуминов в совокупности с изменениями, определенными в красной крови, указывало на нарушение водно-электролитного баланса организма, а снижение тестостерона на фоне роста кортизола – на превалировании в организме катаболических процессов.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Показатели крови позволяют получить объективную информацию о состоянии организма подростков в начальный период обучения в университете. Они связаны с предыдущим конкурсным отбором, включающим оценку медицинских противопоказаний и физической подготовленности, экзаменами, а также отличными от домашних условиями обучения в организованном коллективе, которые указывают на необходимость их своевременной коррекции. </p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background: The transition from high school to university can impair the adaptive potential of adolescents.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: To assess the level of adaptation of freshmen to higher education environment based on their blood parameters.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods: Blood samples were collected from healthy 17-year-old adolescents (n = 50) on the first week at university and then two and six weeks after. The general blood test was accompanied by measurements of protein and protein fractions, immunoglobulins A, M and G, cortisol and testosterone levels. Nonspecific adaptive reactions of the body were assessed by the lymphocyte count.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results: The level of cortisol in the blood was higher or equal to the upper limit of the normal range in 50.0 to 70.0 % of the adolescents at different stages of observation. At the beginning of the study, the lymphocyte count indicated stress in 10.0 % of the students, and 1.5 months after, it demonstrated overactivation of the immune response already in 35.0 % of the freshmen. The levels of albumins and α1-globulins increased while α2 -, β-, and γ-globulins decreased; serum immunoglobulins M increased and immunoglobulins A were below the normal range, indicating impairment of humoral immunity. The compensatory response was manifested by an increased mean corpuscular volume, a decreased amount of hemoglobin in erythrocyte, a low hemoglobin concentration in the cell volume, and a decreased mean platelet volume. High albumin levels in conjunction with changes in red blood demonstrated an electrolyte imbalance, while decreased testosterone levels against the increased cortisol ones showed the prevalence of catabolic processes in the body.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion: Hematological parameters provide objective information about the health status of first-year university students. They are related to previous competitive selection that included evaluation of medical contraindications and physical fitness, examination stress, and adaptation to novel learning conditions, and require timely correction. </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>подростки</kwd><kwd>начальный период обучения в университете</kwd><kwd>здоровье</kwd><kwd>анализ крови</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>adolescents</kwd><kwd>freshmen</kwd><kwd>health</kwd><kwd>blood test</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Глыбочко П.В., Есауленко И.Э., Попов В.И., Петрова Т.Н. Здоровье студентов медицинских вузов России: проблемы и пути их решения // Сеченовский вестник. 2017. № 2(28). С. 4–11.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Glybochko PV, Esaulenko IE, Popov VI, Petrova TN. 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