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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sredob</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Здоровье населения и среда обитания – ЗНиСО</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Public Health and Life Environment – PH&amp;LE</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2219-5238</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0788</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФБУЗ ФЦГиЭ Роспотребнадзора</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35627/2219-5238/2022-30-8-17-24</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sredob-1129</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГИГИЕНА ДЕТЕЙ И ПОДРОСТКОВ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PEDIATRIC HYGIENE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Физиолого-гигиенические аспекты организации домашней учебной работы школьников (научный обзор)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Physiological and Hygienic Aspects of Doing Homework: A Review</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8664-1866</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Александрова</surname><given-names>И. Э.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alexandrova</surname><given-names>I. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., заведующий лабораторией НИИ гигиены и охраны здоровья детей и подростков,</p><p>Ломоносовский пр., д. 2, стр. 1, г. Москва, 119991</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.), Head of the Laboratory, Research Institute of Hygiene and Health Protection of Children and Adolescents,</p><p>Bldg 1, 2 Lomonosovsky Avenue, Moscow, 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">accialex@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр здоровья детей» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>09</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>8</issue><fpage>17</fpage><lpage>24</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Александрова И.Э., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Александрова И.Э.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Alexandrova I.E.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://zniso.fcgie.ru/jour/article/view/1129">https://zniso.fcgie.ru/jour/article/view/1129</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. В современном обществе в системе образования отмечается высокий уровень конкуренции за качество и количество получаемых знаний. Это влечет за собой увеличение времени, затрачиваемого школьником как в школе, так и при выполнении важнейшего компонента учебного процесса – домашней учебной работы.</p><p>Цель – обобщить и систематизировать результаты научных исследований (в том числе в историческом плане), касающихся физиолого-гигиенических и педагогических проблем выполнения школьниками домашней учебной работы, рационализации и оптимизации данного вида деятельности в условиях цифровой образовательной среды для профилактики развития переутомления и возникновения школьно-обусловленных заболеваний.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Стратегия поиска включала электронные запросы на русском и английском языках к научным информационным отечественным и зарубежным базам данных (РИНЦ, PubMed, Scopus), ручной поиск печатных журналов, материалов диссертационных исследований и других источников. Для анализа были выбраны научные работы, опубликованные за период 1989–2021 гг., по результатам целевого поиска было отобрано 42 полнотекстовые публикации, которые полностью соответствуют критериям включения в научный обзор.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты и обсуждение</title><p>Результаты и обсуждение. Показано, что у современных школьников наблюдается значительное превышение (по сравнению с рекомендуемой) продолжительности выполнения учебной домашней работы, что обусловливает нарушение режима дня школьника (уменьшение прогулок, ночного сна и т. д.) и появление различных жалоб на нарушение самочувствия, что еще отчетливее проявилось в период дистанционного режима обучения. Дидактическим вопросам организации домашней учебной работы посвящен целый ряд педагогических работ; вопросам гигиенической оптимизации условий и организации данного вида учебной деятельности уделяется недостаточно внимания.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Цифровизация современного общества, трансформация системы образования диктует необходимость гигиенической оптимизации всех компонентов процесса обучения, в том числе и самостоятельно выполняемой домашней работы школьника, содержание которой претерпело значительные изменения. </p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction: A high level of competition for the quality and quantity of acquired knowledge is observed in modern society. It entails an increase in time children spent studying in school and doing their homework, the latter being an integral and critical component of the educational process.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: To summarize and systematize the results of research on physiological, hygienic and pedagogical challenges of doing homework as well as on rationalization and optimization of this type of schoolchildren’s activity in the digital educational environment aimed at preventing fatigue and school-related diseases, including in the historical perspective.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods: Appropriate publications in Russian and English languages were search for in the Russian Science Citation Index, PubMed, and Scopus databases, print editions of scientific journals, and other sources. Forty-two full-text papers published in 1989–2021 were eligible for inclusion in the review.</p></sec><sec><title>Results and discussion</title><p>Results and discussion: The data analysis shows that contemporary schoolchildren spend significantly more time doing homework than is recommended, which disrupts their daily routine by reducing the duration of walks and night sleep and deteriorates health. Distance learning during the COVID-19 pandemic only exacerbated the situation. A whole number of publications in pedagogy are devoted to didactic issues of homework while little attention is paid to health-related improvement of conditions and organization of this important type of educational activity.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion: Global digitalization and the associated transformation of the education system necessitates hygienic optimization of all the components of the learning process, including homework, the content of which has undergone significant changes. </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>домашняя учебная работа</kwd><kwd>физиолого-гигиеническая оценка</kwd><kwd>оптимизация</kwd><kwd>школьники</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>homework</kwd><kwd>physiological and hygienic assessment</kwd><kwd>optimization</kwd><kwd>schoolchildren</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кондаков А.М., Сергеев И.С. 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