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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sredob</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Здоровье населения и среда обитания – ЗНиСО</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Public Health and Life Environment – PH&amp;LE</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2219-5238</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0788</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФБУЗ ФЦГиЭ Роспотребнадзора</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35627/2219-5238/2022-30-6-32-39</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sredob-1011</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГИГИЕНА ДЕТЕЙ И ПОДРОСТКОВ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PEDIATRIC HYGIENE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Гигиеническая оценка дистанционного обучения учащихся школ и гимназий Нижнего Новгорода</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygienic Assessment of Distance Learning in Schools and Gymnasiums of Nizhny Novgorod</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1573-3667</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Богомолова</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bogomolova</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Богомолова Елена Сергеевна – д.м.н., профессор, заведующая кафедрой гигиены, проректор по учебной работе</p><p>пл. Минина и Пожарского, д. 10/1, г. Нижний Новгород, 603950</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena S. Bogomolova, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Department of Hygiene, Vice Rector for Academic Affairs</p><p>10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">olenabgm@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4388-1085</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Котова</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kotova</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Котова Наталья Валерьевна – к.м.н., доцент, доцент кафедры гигиены</p><p>пл. Минина и Пожарского, д. 10/1, г. Нижний Новгород, 603950</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia V. Kotova, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Assoc. Prof., Department of Hygiene</p><p>10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kotowa.natasha@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2833-809X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Максименко</surname><given-names>Е. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Maksimenko</surname><given-names>E. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Максименко Екатерина Олеговна – к.м.н., доцент, доцент кафедры гигиены</p><p>пл. Минина и Пожарского, д. 10/1, г. Нижний Новгород, 603950</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina O. Maksimenko, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Assoc. Prof., Department of Hygiene</p><p>10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">prevmed@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4900-2667</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Олюшина</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Olyushina</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Олюшина Екатерина Анатольевна – к.м.н., доцент, доцент кафедры гигиены</p><p>пл. Минина и Пожарского, д. 10/1, г. Нижний Новгород, 603950</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina A. Olyushina, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Assoc. Prof., Department of Hygiene</p><p>10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ekatanatol@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6960-3940</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лангуев</surname><given-names>К. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Languev</surname><given-names>K. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лангуев Константин Александрович – аспирант, ассистент кафедры гигиены</p><p>пл. Минина и Пожарского, д. 10/1, г. Нижний Новгород, 603950</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Konstantin А. Languev, Postgraduate student, assistant, Department of Hygiene</p><p>10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lka-2008@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1105-937X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кокурина</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kokurina</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кокурина Екатерина Владимировна – специалист</p><p>ул. Кулибина, д. 11, г. Нижний Новгород, 603022</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina V. Kokurina, Hygienist</p><p>11 Kulibin Street, Nizhny Novgorod, 603022</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kokurinaev@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Приволжский исследовательский медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Privolzhsky Research Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУЗ «Центр гигиены и эпидемиологии в Нижегородской области»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Nizhny Novgorod Region</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>07</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>32</fpage><lpage>39</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Богомолова Е.С., Котова Н.В., Максименко Е.О., Олюшина Е.А., Лангуев К.А., Кокурина Е.В., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Богомолова Е.С., Котова Н.В., Максименко Е.О., Олюшина Е.А., Лангуев К.А., Кокурина Е.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bogomolova E.S., Kotova N.V., Maksimenko E.O., Olyushina E.A., Languev K.A., Kokurina E.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://zniso.fcgie.ru/jour/article/view/1011">https://zniso.fcgie.ru/jour/article/view/1011</self-uri><abstract><p>Введение. Современные модели обучения в образовательных организациях, включающие дистанционный формат, могут сопровождаться негативными изменениями в состоянии здоровья учащихся.Цель исследования: гигиеническая оценка дистанционного обучения учащихся общеобразовательных школ и гимназий.Материалы и методы. Разработанная авторская анкета «Влияние дистанционного обучения на функциональное состояние и здоровье учащихся» состояла из трех блоков: учебная деятельность, режим дня, оценка самочувствия. Проанкетировано 3026 учащихся 5–9-х классов 8 школ и 5 гимназий Нижнего Новгорода в последний месяц учебного года (2020 г.). Материалы исследования подвергнуты статистической обработке с использованием программы IBM SPSS Statistics.Результаты. Дистанционное обучение включало оnline-, offline-уроки (70,7 %) и задания для самостоятельного обучения (чаще в школах по сравнению с гимназиями). Продолжительность использования электронных устройств превышала 6 часов в день у учащихся средней школы. Большинство учащихся школ (73,4 %) и гимназий (67,0 %) отметили увеличение объема домашних заданий по сравнению с очным обучением. Значительно снизилась продолжительность пребывания детей на свежем воздухе. Отмечено преобладание пассивного отдыха над двигательной активностью. Преобладали жалобы на ухудшение самочувствия: боли в спине, запястье, головные боли, которые чаще отмечали учащиеся школ по сравнению с учащимися гимназий.Выводы. Полученные результаты позволяют отметить, что дистанционный формат обучения изменил образ жизни школьников и гимназистов. Отмечено увеличение использования электронных устройств, преобладание статических видов деятельности, развитие отклонений со стороны опорно-двигательного аппарата и органа зрения. Школьники в большей степени отметили негативные последствия дистанционного обучения по сравнению с учащимися гимназий.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction: Current school teaching methods including distance learning may have adverse health effects in children.Objective: To assess health effects of online education in students of comprehensive secondary schools and gymnasiums.Materials and methods: We developed a questionnaire to establish the impact of distance learning on the functional state and health of students comprising three sections: educational activities, daily routine and self-rated health. In May 2020, 3,026 fifth to ninth-year students from eight comprehensive schools and five gymnasiums of the city of Nizhny Novgorod, including 1,430 boys and 1,596 girls, filled out the questionnaire and their answers were then analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics software, version 5.1.Results: Distance learning included online and offline classes (70.7 % in total) and self-study assignments, the latter being more common in the comprehensive schools than in the gymnasiums. The majority of the respondents from the schools (73.4 %) and gymnasiums (67.0 %) noted a greater amount of homework during e-learning compared to offline education. They also reported less time spent outdoors and much more passive leisure. Complaints of increased back and wrist pain and headaches were more frequent in the students of comprehensive secondary schools.Conclusions: Our findings show that distance learning changed the way of life of all the children surveyed. We observed an increased screen time, the prevalence of static activities, and the development of musculoskeletal and eye disorders. The comprehensive school students noted more negative consequences of online learning compared to their peers studying in the gymnasiums.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>электронные цифровые устройства</kwd><kwd>дистанционное обучение</kwd><kwd>учащиеся образовательных организаций</kwd><kwd>учебная деятельность</kwd><kwd>здоровье</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>digital devices</kwd><kwd>distance learning</kwd><kwd>schoolchildren</kwd><kwd>educational activities</kwd><kwd>health</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кучма В.Р., Сухарева Л.М., Степанова М.И. и др. Научные основы и технологии обеспечения гигиенической безопасности детей в «цифровой школе» // Гигиена и санитария. 2019. Т. 98. № 12. 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